Fig. 4.20 shows the comparison of the isotherm and streamlines between nanofluid and pure fluid. The velocity components of nanofluid are increased because of an increase in the energy transport in the fluid with the increasing of volume fraction. Thus, the absolute values of stream functions indicate that the strength of flow increases with the increase of the volume fraction of nanofluid. Also, it can be found that thermal boundary layer thickness increases with the increase of volume fraction of nanofluid. Fig. 4.21 shows the effect of Hartmann number on isotherm and streamlinesB体育官方入口. As Hartmann number increases absolute value of maximum stream function decreases. Also, this figure shows that streamlines become more disturb near the magnetic source. Isotherms and streamlines contours for different values of Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, radiation parameter, and magnetic number are shown in Figs. 4.22 and 4.23.
. Comparison of the isotherm and streamlines between nanofluid (ϕ = 0.04) (––) and pure fluid (ϕ = 0) (– – –) when Nr = 0.027, Ra = 105, MnF = 100, Ha = 10, and Pr = 6.8.
yb体育官方入口. Effect of Hartmann number on isotherm and streamlines when Nr = 0.027, Ra = 105, Mn = 100, ϕ = 0.04.
. Isotherms (up) and streamlines (down) contours for different values of Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, and Magnetic number when Nr = 0.0, ϕ = 0.04, Pr = 6.8.
. Isotherms (up) and streamlines (down) contours for different values of Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, and Magnetic number when Nr = 0.027, ϕ = 0.04, Pr = 6.8.
